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Post date: Sep 21, 2013 10:54:36 PM
Cervical and vaginal cytology
Sampling and preparation methods
Diagnostic terminology and reporting systems: The Betheseda System
The normal PAP: squamous, endocervical, endometrial, inflammatory, lactobacilli.
Infections: Shift in vaginal flora, trichomonas, candida, actinomyces, herpes simplex
Benign and reactive changes: squamous, endocervical changes, repair, radiation changes , IUD effect.
Squamous abnormalities: LSIL, HSIL,SCC, ASCUS, ASC cannot exclude HSIL
Glandular abnormalities: AIS, enocervical adenocarcinoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma, atypical glandular cells.
Respiratory System
Sampling techniques: sputum, bronchial lavage, transbronchial FNA
Benign cellular changes
Sarcoidosis
Lung cancer: SCC, adenocarcinoma,small cell carcinoma
Urine cytology
Specimen collection and processing
Benign lesions: crystals, casts, infections, urothelial atypia associated with calculi
Urothelial neoplasms
Other neoplasms: squamous, adenocarcinoma
Pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal fluids
Specimen collection and preparation
Benign elements: mesothelial cells, histiocytes…
Non neoplastic conditions: acute serositis, eosinophilic effusions, lymphocytic effusions, rheumatoid pleuritis,lupus pleuritis.
Malignant effusions: mesothelioma, metastases
Peritoneal washings
Specimen collection
The normal peritoneal washing
Malignant tumors: Ovarian cancer
CSF cytology
Collection and preparation
Normal elements
Neoplasms: Leukemia, Medulloblastoma
Breast
Nipple discharge
FNAC:
Benign conditions: fibrocystic, fibroadenoma, lactational changes, fat necrosis, radiation changes, mastitis.
phylloides tumor
Papillary neoplasms.
Breast cancer: Invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma.
Thyroid
Aspiration and preparation
Terminology and reporting results
Benign conditions: Benign follicular nodule, Hashimoto, De Quervan thyroiditis.
ACUS
Suspicious for follicular neoplasm
Suspicious for Hurthle cell neoplasm
Malignant: Papillary carcinoma, poorly and undifferentiated carcinoma,
Salivary gland
Indications
The normal aspirate
Non neoplastic conditions: Acute and chronic sialoadenitis. Lymphoepithelial sialadenitis
Benign neoplasms: Pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor
Carcinomas : Mucoepidermoid, Acinic cell carcinoma, malignant mixed tumor, adenoid cystic carcinoma
Lymph Nodes
Technical aspects and ancillary studies: flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, molecular genetic studies
Non neoplastic conditions: Reactive hyperplasia, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis
Hodgkin diseaae.
General principle for diagnosing lymphocytic lymphoma
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