Cytology curriculum for Pathology Master 2nd part

Post date: Sep 21, 2013 10:54:36 PM

Cervical and vaginal cytology

Sampling and preparation methods

Diagnostic terminology and reporting systems: The Betheseda System

The normal PAP: squamous, endocervical, endometrial, inflammatory, lactobacilli.

Infections: Shift in vaginal flora, trichomonas, candida, actinomyces, herpes simplex

Benign and reactive changes: squamous, endocervical changes, repair, radiation changes , IUD effect.

Squamous abnormalities: LSIL, HSIL,SCC, ASCUS, ASC cannot exclude HSIL

Glandular abnormalities: AIS, enocervical adenocarcinoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma, atypical glandular cells.

 

Respiratory System

Sampling techniques: sputum, bronchial lavage, transbronchial FNA

Benign cellular changes

Sarcoidosis

Lung cancer: SCC, adenocarcinoma,small cell carcinoma

 

Urine cytology

Specimen collection and processing

Benign lesions: crystals, casts, infections, urothelial atypia associated with calculi

Urothelial neoplasms

Other neoplasms: squamous, adenocarcinoma

 

 

Pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal fluids

Specimen collection and preparation

Benign elements: mesothelial cells, histiocytes…

Non neoplastic conditions: acute serositis, eosinophilic effusions, lymphocytic effusions, rheumatoid pleuritis,lupus pleuritis.

Malignant effusions: mesothelioma, metastases

 

Peritoneal washings

Specimen collection

The normal peritoneal washing

Malignant tumors: Ovarian cancer

 

 CSF cytology

Collection and preparation

Normal elements

Neoplasms: Leukemia, Medulloblastoma

 

Breast

Nipple discharge

FNAC:

Benign conditions: fibrocystic, fibroadenoma, lactational changes, fat necrosis, radiation changes, mastitis.

phylloides tumor

 Papillary neoplasms.

Breast cancer: Invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma.

Thyroid

Aspiration and preparation

Terminology and reporting results

Benign conditions: Benign follicular nodule, Hashimoto, De Quervan  thyroiditis.

ACUS

Suspicious for follicular neoplasm

Suspicious for Hurthle cell neoplasm

Malignant: Papillary carcinoma, poorly and undifferentiated carcinoma,

 

Salivary gland

Indications

The normal aspirate

Non neoplastic conditions: Acute and chronic sialoadenitis. Lymphoepithelial sialadenitis

Benign neoplasms: Pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor

Carcinomas : Mucoepidermoid, Acinic cell carcinoma, malignant mixed tumor, adenoid cystic carcinoma

 

Lymph Nodes

Technical aspects and ancillary studies: flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, molecular genetic studies

Non neoplastic conditions: Reactive hyperplasia, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis

Hodgkin diseaae.

General principle for diagnosing lymphocytic lymphoma